Glossary

Crypto finance terms explained for readers comparing real risk.

A readable glossary for tokenomics, mining, DeFi, custody, stablecoins, market structure, and safety terms used across ChainReview research.

ConsensusCustodyDeFiGovernanceInfrastructureMarket structureMiningSecurityStablecoinsTechnologyToken distributionTokenomics
Glossary category

Consensus

Consensus

Staking

Locking or delegating assets to support network operation or earn rewards.

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Consensus

Slashing

A penalty that removes staked assets for validator misbehavior.

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Consensus

Validator

A network participant that proposes or verifies blocks.

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Consensus

Proof of stake

A consensus method that uses staked capital and validator rules.

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Custody

Custody

Self-custody

Holding the keys needed to move crypto assets yourself.

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Custody

Seed phrase

A recovery phrase that can restore wallet keys.

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Custody

Hardware wallet

A device designed to keep private keys isolated.

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Custody

Hot wallet

A wallet connected to an internet-facing device or browser.

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DeFi

DeFi

Liquidity pool

A smart contract holding assets used for decentralized trading.

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DeFi

Impermanent loss

The relative loss liquidity providers can face when paired assets move.

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DeFi

Total value locked (TVL)

The value of assets deposited in a protocol.

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DeFi

Real yield

Yield supported by economic activity rather than only token emissions.

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Governance

Governance

Treasury

Assets controlled by a project, DAO, foundation, or team.

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Governance

Governance token

A token used to influence protocol decisions.

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Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Bridge

A system for moving value or messages between chains.

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Infrastructure

Wrapped token

A representation of an asset on another chain or system.

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Infrastructure

Oracle

A data feed used by smart contracts.

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Market structure

Market structure

Liquidity

How easily an asset can be bought or sold without moving price heavily.

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Market structure

Slippage

The difference between expected price and executed price.

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Market structure

Holder concentration

How much supply is controlled by the largest wallets.

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Market structure

Transaction fees

Fees users pay to have transactions processed.

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Market structure

Market maker

A participant that provides buy and sell liquidity.

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Market structure

Order book

A list of buy and sell orders on an exchange.

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Market structure

Decentralized exchange (DEX)

An on-chain venue for swapping assets without a traditional broker.

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Market structure

Centralized exchange (CEX)

A platform that holds accounts and runs exchange infrastructure.

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Market structure

MEV

Value extracted by reordering, inserting, or censoring transactions.

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Mining

Mining

Proof of work

A consensus method that uses computational work to secure a network.

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Mining

Hashprice

Estimated mining revenue per unit of hashrate per day.

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Mining

Hashrate

The amount of hashing work a miner or network performs.

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Mining

Joules per terahash (J/T)

A Bitcoin ASIC efficiency measure.

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Mining

Mining pool

A group that combines miner hashrate and shares rewards.

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Mining

Block reward

Newly issued coins and fees paid to a block producer.

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Security

Security

Multisig

A wallet that requires multiple approvals before an action executes.

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Security

Audit

A review of smart contract code by a security team.

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Security

Wallet approval

Permission for a contract to spend or interact with tokens.

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Security

Phishing

A deception attempt to steal credentials, keys, or approvals.

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Security

Rug pull

A project failure or scam where insiders extract value from users.

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Security

Honeypot

A token that can be bought but is difficult or impossible to sell.

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Stablecoins

Stablecoins

Stablecoin

A token designed to track a reference value such as the U.S. dollar.

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Stablecoins

Depeg

When a stablecoin trades away from its target value.

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Technology

Technology

Smart contract

Code deployed on a blockchain that can hold assets or execute rules.

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Technology

Contract ownership

Control over privileged smart contract functions.

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Technology

Admin key

A key or account with privileged protocol permissions.

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Technology

Timelock

A delay before privileged changes can take effect.

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Glossary category

Token distribution

Token distribution

Airdrop

A token distribution to users or wallets.

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Tokenomics

Tokenomics

Fully diluted valuation (FDV)

The implied value of all token supply at the current market price.

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Tokenomics

Market cap

The value of circulating token supply at current price.

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Tokenomics

Circulating supply

The tokens considered available in the market today.

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Tokenomics

Token unlock

A scheduled release of previously locked tokens.

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Tokenomics

Vesting cliff

A large unlock after an initial lockup period.

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Tokenomics

Tokenomics

The design of token supply, demand, incentives, and utility.

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Tokenomics

Emission schedule

The planned release of new or reserved tokens over time.

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